Algae Metabolites as an Alternative in Prevention and Treatment of Skin Problems Associated with Solar Radiation and Conventional Photo-protection

Abstract The histological structure and biochemistry of the skin is affected by solar radiation having adverse effects ranging from sunburns, premature aging that includes wrinkles, spots, dryness, and loss of collagen to cancer development. The skin has defense mechanisms to prevent damage caused by radiation, but when radiation exposure is excessive these mechanisms are not strong enough to protect the skin. The use of sunscreen is the most common practice of photo- protection. The active ingredients of these cosmetic protective formulations are generally from synthetic origin and have presented several drawbacks at the level of photo-stability, systemic absorption and can generate contact and photo-contact dermatitis. This review illustrates skin solar radiation problems, common sunscreen ingredients limitation and mentions how algae can be an alternative according to studies that have evaluated the photo-protective potential of extracts and compounds isolated by different techniques.

Comparative study of peritoneal adhesions after intraperitoneal implantation in rats of meshes of polypropylene versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen

Abstract Purpose To Compare the extent and intensity of adhesions formed between the intra-abdominal organs and the intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene mesh versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen used for correction of abdominal wall defect in rats. Methods After the defect in the abdominal wall, thirty Wistar rats were placed in three groups (ten animals each) for intraperitoneal mesh implant: polypropylene group, polypropylene/polyglecaprone group, and polyester/porcine collagen group. The macroscopic evaluation of the extent and intensity of adhesions was performed 21 days after the implant. Results The polypropylene group had a higher statistically significant impairment due to visceral adhesions (p value = 0.002) and a higher degree of intense adherence in relation to polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen groups (p value<0.001). The polyester/porcine collagen group showed more intense adhesions than the polypropylene/polyglecaprone group (p value=0.035). Conclusions The intraperitoneal implantation of polypropylene meshes to correct defects of the abdominal wall caused the appearance of extensive and firm adhesions to intra-abdominal structures. The use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone or polyester/porcine collagen tissue-separating meshes reduces the number and degree of adhesions formed.

Comparative study of fibrosis induced by Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro® meshes1

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the fibrosis induced by four different meshes: Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro®. Methods: Histological cutouts of abdominal wall were analyzed with polarized light 28 days after the meshes implants and colorized by picrosirius to identify the intensity of collagen types I and III, and their maturation index. Results: When the four groups were compared, the total collagen area analyzed was bigger in groups A and D, with no difference between them. The collagen type I density was bigger in group A, with an average of 9.62 ± 1.0, and smaller in group C, with an average of 3.86 ± 0.59. The collagen type III density was similar in groups A, B and C, and bigger in group D. The collagen maturation index was different in each of the four groups, bigger in group A with 0.87, group B with 0.66, group D with 0.57 and group C with 0.33 (p = 0.0000). Conclusion: The most prominent fibrosis promotion in the given meshes was found on Marlex® (polypropylene mesh) and the Parietex Composite® (non-biodegradable polyester); the collagen maturation index was higher in the Marlex® mesh, followed by Ultrapro®, Parietex Composite® and Vicryl® meshes.

Sistema adesivo universal: análise da interface adesiva e degradação colagenolítica em dentina submetida à diferentes protocolos de condicionamento ácido / Universal adhesive system: analysis of adhesive interface and collagenolytic degradation of demineralized dentin submitted to different acid etching ptotocols

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a interface adesiva do sistema adesivo Single Bond Universal (SBU) em dentina submetida à diferentes protocolos de condicionamento ácido em 24 h e 12 meses. E a degradação colagenolítica (DC) mediada por metaloproteinases (MMPs) e Catepsina-K (CAT-K) em tempo imediato. Esse estudo foi conduzido em 3 etapas: 1) Caracterização química da dentina em FTIR; 2) DC por meio de fragmentos do Telelopeptídeo Carboxiterminal do Colágeno Tipo I (ICTP) e do Terminal C do Telopeptídeo ligado ao Colágeno Tipo I (CTX) e a resistência à tração (RT) da do colágeno; 3) Análise da interface adesiva através da resistência de união (RU), análise de fratura, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e nanoinfiltração (NI). Para FTIR foram utilizados 6 discos de dentina, divididos em 2 grupos: 1) Ácido fosfórico 32 %15 s (AF), 2) Ácido poliacrílico 25 % 10 s (AP). Para análise da DC, 12 discos de dentina foram completamente desmineralizados e divididos em 3 grupos: 1) AF, 2) AP e 3) Água deionizada (Controle) 15 s. Após, foram incubados e armazenados por 1 semana. Seguindo-se a análise da concentração de proteína total (PT). 50 µl da solução de incubação foram utilizadas para analisar ICTP e CTX. As concentrações foram calculadas em relação à PT. Para RT, foram testados 36 palitos obtidos dos discos de colágeno. Para RU foram utilizados 48 dentes, divididos em 2 grupos, de acordo com o período de armazenamento, divididos em três subgrupos: 1) AF, 2) AP e 3) Autocondicionante SBU 20 s (SE). Os dentes foram restaurados e armazenados em água destilada 37 °C. Após, foram submetidos ao teste de microtração e análise de fraturas. Para as análises MEV e NI foram utilizados 2 espécimes de cada subgrupo. Para análise estatística utilizou-se ANOVA 1-Fator, ANOVA- 2 Fatores e teste de Tukey (α=0.05). Para FTIR, AF reduziu a quantidade de fosfato e carbonato quando comparado ao AP. Para DC, a liberação de ICTPPT para AF foi significantemente maior do que para AP (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença na liberação de CTXPT para AF e AP (p > 0,05). Para RT não houve diferença entre AP e Controle, porém, apresentaram valores maiores do que AF (p<0,05). Para RU em MPa, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para todos os tratamentos nos diferentes períodos de análise (p < 0,05). A análise de fraturas evidenciou a predominância de fraturas adesivas e mistas. MEV mostrou melhor qualidade da interface após 12 meses para AF e AP. Após 12 meses apenas SE não apresentou NI. Assim sendo, o autocondicionamento ainda parece ser a melhor opção para sistemas adesivos universais que possuam monômeros funcionais em sua composição.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the adhesive interface of the Single Bond Universal (SBU) to dentin submitted to different acid etching protocols in 24 h and 12 months, and the collagenolytic degradation (CD) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Cathepsin-K (CAT-K) in the immediate time. This study was divided into three stages: 1) Dentin chemical characterization by FTIR; 2) CD by release of the collagen telopeptide fragment cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS); 3) Analysis of the adhesive interface by microtensile bond strength (µTBS), failure mode, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the AI, and nanoleakage by SEM (NL). For FTIR, six dentin disks were divided into two groups: 1) Phosphoric acid 15 s (PA), 2) Polyacrylic acid 10 s (PAA). For CD twelve dentin disks were completely demineralized, then were divided into 3 groups 1) PA, 2) PAA, and 3) deionized water (Control) for 15 s. All disks were incubated in a buffered solution (BS) for 1 week. Total protein (TP) concentrations were measured using Nanodrop™ at 280 nm. 50 µl of BS was used to analyze solubilized telopeptide fragments using ICTP and CTX . ICTP and CTX average ratios were calculated in relation to TP concentration (ICTPtp and CTXtp). For UTS, 36 dentin beams obtained from collagen disks were tested. For µTBS, forty-eight teeth were divided into two groups according to the period of storage, then subdivided into three subgroups: 1) PA, 2) PAA, and 3) Self-etch 20 s (SE). After, composite build up, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C. Two specimens of each group were used for SEM analysis of AI and NL. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). According to the results of the FTIR etching with PA reduced the amount of phosphate and carbonate when compared to PAA. ICTPtp release of PA was significantly higher A than PAA (p > 0,05). CTXtp showed no difference between the PA and PAA (p < 0,05). For UTS there was no difference between PAA and control, but they were significantly higher (p<0.05) than PA. For µTBS in MPa, there is no statistical difference among all the etching protocols tested, as well in both storage periods of analysis (p < 0,05). The most prevalent failure mode were adhesives associated with mixed. SEM analysis highlighted a better quality of AI after 12 months for PA and PAA. However, after 12 months only SE did not show NL. Then, the self-etching protocol seems to be a better choice regarding universal adhesive systems which have functional monomers in their blend(AU)

Extracellular matrix and fibroblast injection produces pterygium-like lesion in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Translational research to develop pharmaceutical and surgical treatments for pterygium requires a reliable and easy to produce animal model. Extracellular matrix and fibroblast are important components of pterygium. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the subconjunctival injection of fibroblast cells (NIH3T3 cell line) and exogenous extracellular matrix in rabbits in producing a pterygium-like lesion. METHODS: Six 3-month-old white New Zealand rabbits were injected with 20,000 NIH3T3 cells and 5 µL of Matrigel in the right conjunctiva, and with only 5 µL of Matrigel in the left conjunctiva. The eyes were photographed under a magnification of 16× using a 12-megapixel digital camera attached to the microscope on day 1,3 and 7. Conjunctival vascularization was measured by analyzing images to measure red pixel saturation. Area of corneal and conjunctival fibrovascular tissue formation on the site of injection was assessed by analyzing the images on day 3 and 7 using area measurement software. Histopathologic characteristics were determined in the rabbit tissues and compared with a human primary pterygium. RESULTS: The two treatments promoted growth of conjunctival fibrovascular tissue at day 7. The red pixel saturation and area of fibrovascular tissue developed was significantly higher in right eyes (p < 0.05). Tissues from both treatments showed neovascularization in lesser extent to that observed in human pterygium. Acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema were found in tissues of both treatments. No elastosis was found in either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Matrigel alone or in combination with NIH3T3 cells injected into the rabbits' conjunctiva can promote tissue growth with characteristics of human pterygium, including neovascularization, acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema. The combination of Matrigel with NIH3T3 cells seems to have an additive effect on the size and redness of the pterygium-like tissue developed.

Hydrolyzed collagen interferes with in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of sunscreens

ABSTRACT The chronological skin aging is a progressive and natural process with genetic and physiological changes. However, ultraviolet (UV) radiation may accelerate the oxidative stress, generating carcinogenesis and photoaging. Natural compounds and their applications are considered a trend in the cosmetic market. The protein-based film-forming compounds play an important role, once it collaborates for the better distribution of sunscreens on the skin. Here we investigated the in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of sunscreens containing the hydrolyzed collagen associated with UVA, UVB and/or inorganic filters. Sunscreens were developed with octocrylene (7.5%), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone) (3.0%) and/or titanium dioxide (5.0%), associated or not with the hydrolyzed collagen (3.0%). In vitro photoprotective effectiveness was determined in a Labsphere(r) UV2000S by the establishment of the sun protection factor (SPF) and critical wavelength (nm) values. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics were also assayed. The hydrolyzed collagen subjectively improved the formulation sensory characteristics. However, this bioactive compound led to a decrease of the SPF values of the photoprotective formulations containing octocrylene alone and octocrylene + butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane + TiO2. This inadequate interaction may be considered during the development of new sunscreens intended to contain protein-based components.

Collagen sponge and rhBMP-2 improve socket healing in rats treated with zoledronic acid

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible use of a commercial absorbed collagen sponge and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) for the prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in rats. Twenty rats received intraperitoneal injections of 0.1-mg/kg of zoledronic acid three times a week for eight weeks before the extraction of both maxillary first molars after eight weeks. A collagen sponge (experimental group 1) and a collagen sponge with recombinant human BMP-2 (experimental group 2) were applied to the right extraction sockets of ten rats each. The 20 left extraction sockets (control groups 1 and 2) were left unprotected. After eight weeks, all rats were euthanized. Macroscopic analysis, micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis, and histological analysis were performed. There was a significant difference in the bone density between the control and experimental groups on micro-CT analysis. Impaired healing of the extraction sockets, indicating BRONJ, was observed in 80% of control group 1, 90% of control group 2, 30% of experimental group 1, and 20% of experimental group 2. The collagen sponge with/without BMP used for protecting the extraction socket had the potential for a positive effect in reducing the incidence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rats.

The efficacy and safety of urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different bulking agents for treating urinary incontinence in women, a systematic review including only randomized controlled trials was performed. The subjects were women with urinary incontinence. The primary outcomes were clinical and urodynamic parameters. The results were presented as a weighted mean difference for non-continuous variables and as relative risk for continuous variables, both with 95% confidence intervals. Initially, 942 studies were identified. However, only fourteen eligible trials fulfilled the prerequisites. Altogether, the review included 1814 patients in trials of eight different types of bulking agents, and all studies were described and analyzed. The measured outcomes were evaluated using a large variety of instruments. The most common complications of the bulking agents were urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Additionally, there were certain major complications, such as one case of death after use of autologous fat. However, the lack of adequate studies, the heterogeneous populations studied, the wide variety of materials used and the lack of long-term follow-up limit guidance of practice. To determine which substance is the most suitable, there is a need for more randomized clinical trials that compare existing bulking agents based on standardized clinical outcomes.

Tendência de fumantes na população Brasileira segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílios 2008 e a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 / Smoking Trends among Brazilian population - National Household Survey, 2008 and the National Health Survey, 2013

RESUMO: Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de fumantes atuais de tabaco na população brasileira e nas unidades federativas, em adultos (≥ 18 anos), considerando dois inquéritos populacionais realizados em 2008 e 2013. Métodos: São comparadas as prevalências de fumantes atuais de tabaco no Brasil e nas unidades federativas analisando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílios, de 2008, e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, de 2013. Foram calculados a variação percentual no período e o valor de p. Resultados: A prevalência de fumantes atual de tabaco reduziu -19% no período, saindo de 18,2% (2008) para 14,7% (2013). O declínio ocorreu em todas as regiões, área urbana e rural e na maioria dos estados. A redução foi de -17,5% para os homens e -20,7% para as mulheres, reduziu em todas as faixas de idade, sendo a maior redução entre 25 e 39 anos; também reduziu para todas as categorias de raça/cor, sendo as prevalências mais altas entre pretos e pardos. Declinou também em todas as faixas de escolaridade, sendo maior a redução nas faixas de menor escolaridade. Em 2013, as prevalências para população com menor escolaridade foram de 19,7% e de 8,7% para quem tem nível superior completo. Conclusão: Ocorreu uma redução média de cerca de 19% no consumo do tabaco no Brasil e nos estados brasileiros, em ambos o sexos, todas faixas de idade e raça/cor. O consumo do tabaco no país é um dos mais baixos do mundo e declinou de forma significativa, o que pode ser atribuído a políticas de controle, regulação e prevenção.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare current tobacco smoking prevalence in the Brazilian population and the federal states in adults (aged ≥ 18 years), using the National Household Survey 2008 and National Health Survey, 2013. Methods: Using data from two national surveys conducted in 2008 and 2013, the paper examines the current tobacco smoking prevalence in Brazil at the national level and at the federal state level. We calculated the percentage change for the period. Results: Overall, results show -19% reduction in current tobacco smoking prevalence from 18.5% (2008) to 14.7% (2013). Results also show a significant percentage decline in smoking prevalence across geographic regions and demographic characteristics including gender, race, age and education levels. The decline occurred in all regions, urban and rural areas, and in most states. The reduction was -17.5% for men and -20.7% for women, having occurred in all age groups, with the greatest reduction in the group from 25 to 39 years of age; in all categories of race/color, a higher prevalence was found among the blacks and browns. It also declined in all the levels of schooling, with a higher reduction in lower education levels. In 2013, the prevalence for people with less education was 19.7% and 8.7% for those with college degrees. Conclusion: There was an average reduction of about 19% in tobacco consumption in Brazil and the Brazilian states in both sexes, all ages, and race color. Tobacco consumption in the country is one of the lowest in the world and has declined significantly, which can be attributed to the control policies, regulation, and prevention.

Efeitos da Terapia por Indução de Colágeno na qualidade de cicatrizes de queimaduras - Relato de caso / Effects of Collagen Induction Therapy for burn scars - Case report

Introdução: A queimadura é uma lesão de tecidos orgânicos, ocasionada por estímulos químicos, elétricos e, principalmente, térmicos. Quando essas lesões não levam à morte, geram sequelas permanentes. Objetivo: O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo mostrar os efeitos da Terapia por Indução de Colágeno na qualidade de cicatrizes de queimaduras. Método: Foi aplicada uma ficha de avaliação contendo dados de identificação do paciente, além de características da cicatriz e registro fotográfico. Além disso, foram aplicadas a Escala de Vancouver, a Escala Visual Numérica (EVN) e a Escala de avaliação da cicatriz. Foram realizadas três intervenções utilizando a Terapia por Indução de Colágeno, sendo que o paciente foi reavaliado com a Escala de Vancouver e a Escala de avaliação da cicatriz previamente a cada sessão e com a Escala Visual Numérica (EVN) durante cada sessão. Trinta dias após a última intervenção, foram aplicadas as mesmas escalas, registros fotográficos, além de um questionário de satisfação pessoal. Resultados: Em todos os instrumentos utilizados, houve melhora dos aspectos analisados da cicatriz, incluindo a aparência, por meio das fotografias, que mostram resultados positivos. Além disso, o paciente referiu melhora da satisfação pessoal em relação aos resultados obtidos. Conclusão: Sabe-se que a fase de remodelamento da cicatrização é relativamente longa, podendo perdurar por anos, então o resultado final desse trabalho somente poderá ser visualizado após esse período. Porém, foi possível perceber, mesmo a curto prazo, a melhora consistente da qualidade geral da cicatriz após a aplicação da Terapia por Indução de Colágeno.

Introduction: A burn is an injury to body tissues caused by chemical, electrical and mainly thermal stimuli. When these lesions do not lead to death, they generate permanent sequelae. Objective: This case report aims to show the effects of Collagen Induction Therapy on the quality of burn scars. Method: It was applied an evaluation sheet containing identification data of the patient, as well as characteristics of the scar and photographic records There were three interventions using Collagen Induction Therapy, and the patient was reassessed with the Vancouver Scale and the Rating scale scar before each session and the Visual Numerical Scale (VNS) for each session. Thirty days after the last intervention, the same scales were applied, photographic records, and a questionnaire of personal satisfaction. Results: All instruments used showed that there was improvement of the analyzed aspects of the scar, including appearance, shown through the photographs to have had positive results. Conclusion: It is known that the remodeling phase of wound healing is relatively long and may last for years, so the end result of this work can only be viewed after this period. But it was possible to see, even in a short period, the consistent improvement of the overall quality of the scar after the application of Collagen Induction Therapy.

Efectividad de dos medicamentos intrarticulares en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla: colágeno polimerizado versus hylano gf 20 / Effectiveness of two intraarticular drugs in patients with knee arthrosis: polymerized collagen versus hylan GF 20

El tratamiento de la osteoartrosis se enfoca en mejorar el dolor y la calidad de vida de los portadores. Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos son la primera elección pero su efectividad es cuestionable por el riesgo de gastropatía y falla renal secundarias. Los medicamentos de uso intrarticular, son una alternativa segura y efectiva para mejorar los síntomas y la función; pueden retrasar la cirugía pero desconocemos si son modificadores de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la función y dolor de rodilla en pacientes con osteoartrosis al término del tratamiento asignado. Nuestra hipótesis es que no existe diferencia en los resultados entre ambos grupos. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorio simple, no cegado, estudiamos a dos grupos de pacientes con osteoartrosis de rodilla. El Grupo 1 fue tratado con colágeno PVP y el Grupo 2 recibió hylano GF-20. Se les aplicó el cuestionario subjetivo del Comité Internacional de Rodilla IKDC y el dolor se midió mediante escala visual análoga, al inicio del tratamiento, al mes y tres meses posteriores al término del mismo. Resultados: La disminución en el dolor medido con escala visual análoga resulta estadísticamente significativa en ambos grupos; sin embargo, al comparar ambos grupos no encontramos diferencias. Así mismo se comportan los resultados del IKDC en ambos grupos, no hay diferencia: sólo se encuentra diferencia entre las mediciones basales y el resultado final.

The purpose of osteoarthrosis treatment is to improve patient's pain and quality of life. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first choice but their effectiveness is questionable due to the risk of secondary gastric disease and renal failure. Intra-articular drugs are a safe and effective alternative to improve symptoms and function; they may delay surgery but we don't know if they are disease modifying. Our objective was to compare knee function and pain in patients with osteoarthrosis until treatment is finished. Our hypothesis is that there is no difference in the results of both groups. Material and methods: A prospective, simple, randomized non blinded trial where we studied two groups of patients with knee osteoarthrosis. Group 1 was treated with Collagen PVP and Group 2 received hylan GF-20. We gave patients a subjective questionnaire of the International Knee Committee IKDC and pain was measured using the visual analog scale at the beginning of treatment, after one month and after three months. Results: Decrease in pain measured with the visual analog scale is statistically significant in both groups, however, when comparing both groups we did not find differences. The results of the IKDC were the same in both groups, there was no difference except in baseline measurements and in the final result.

Primary tumorectomy promotes angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis in osteosarcoma-bearing nude mice

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of primary tumorectomy on angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis in osteosarcoma-bearing nude mice. METHODS: Osteosarcoma was introduced to nude mice via subcutaneous injection of MG-63 cells. One hundred and eighty osteosarcoma-bearing mice were used equally in 3 parallel experiments. The effect of tumorectomy (TR) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin was investigated by ELISA. Meanwhile, the effect on angiogenesis was evaluated by Matrigel plug assay, and pulmonary metastasis assessed by calculating the metastatic foci. Sham-operation (SO) and untreated (UT) groups served as controls. RESULTS: The VEGF (TR: 79.55 ± 7.82 pg/mL vs. SO: 110.01 ± 5.69 pg/mL, UT: 123.50 ± 10.41 pg/mL; p < 0.01) and endostatin (TR: 47.09 ± 6.22 ng/mL vs. SO: 117.64 ± 7.39 ng/mL, UT: 126.73 ± 6.55 ng/mL; p<0.01) were down-regulated significantly after tumorectomy, and angiogenesis was significantly promoted simultaneously. The incidence of pulmonary metastatic foci was 80.0% in the TR group, 40.0% in the SO group and 35.0% in the UT group. CONCLUSION: Primary tumorectomy can down-regulate the expression of VEGF and endostatin and promote angiogenesis which leads to the acceleration of pulmonary metastasis. These findings imply that anti-angiogenic treatment can be considered after primary tumorectomy.

Long-term Results of Deep Sclerectomy with Small Collagen Implant in Korean

PURPOSE: To describe the long-term results of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant (DSCI) with or without adjuvant mitomycin C in Korean patients with primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS: This retrospective review was comprised of 65 Korean patients who received DSCI with or without adjuvant mitomycin C due to primary or secondary OAG. Patients were followed for 72 months after surgery. Complete success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mmHg without medication and qualified success was defined as IOP <21 mmHg with or without medication. RESULTS: Mean postoperative follow-up period was 53.0 +/- 16.2 months. Mean IOP was 30.5 +/- 11.7 mmHg preoperatively, 8.4 +/- 4.3 mmHg at postoperative day one and 13.4 +/- 3.8 mmHg 60 months after surgery. The mean number of glaucoma medications was decreased from 3.6 +/- 1.1 to 1.6 +/- 1.3 at 60 months after the operation. Complete and qualified success rates were 36.7% and 79.6% at postoperative 60 months, respectively (Kaplan-Meier survival curve). No shallow or flat anterior chamber, endophthalmitis, or surgery-induced significant cataract was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of DSCI in Korean patients presented here seem reasonably excellent with qualified success rates of over 70% at six years with negligible complications.

Treatment of gingival recession with collagen membrane and DFDBA: a histometric study in dogs

In a previous study, we evaluated the findings related to the use of resorbable collagen membranes in humans along with DFDBA (demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft). The aim of this subsequent study was to histometrically evaluate in dogs, the healing response of gingival recessions treated with collagen membrane + DFDBA (Guided Tissue Regeneration, GTR) compared to a coronally positioned flap (CPF). Two types of treatment were randomly carried out in a split-mouth study. Group 1 was considered as test (GTR: collagen membrane + DFDBA), whereas Group 2 stood for the control (only CPF). The dogs were given chemical bacterial plaque control with 0.2 percent chlorhexidine digluconate during a 90-day repair period. Afterwards, the animals were killed to obtain biopsies and histometric evaluation of the process of cementum and bone formation, epithelial migration and gingival level. A statistically significant difference was found between groups with a larger extension of neoformed cementum (GTR = 32.72 percent; CPF = 18.82 percent; p = 0.0004), new bone (GTR = 23.20 percent; CPF = 09.90 percent; p = 0.0401) and with a smaller area of residual gingival recession in the test group (GTR = 50.69 percent; CPF = 59.73 percent; p = 0.0055) compared to the control group. The only item assessed that showed no statistical difference was epithelial proliferation on the root surface, with means of 15.14 percent for the GTR group and 20.34 percent for the CPF group (p = 0.0890). Within the limits of this study we concluded that the treatment of gingival recession defects with GTR, associating collagen membrane with DFDBA, showed better outcomes in terms of a larger extension of neoformed cementum and bone, as well as in terms of a smaller proportion of residual recessions.

Ensaio clínico para tratamento da área doadora de enxerto de pele de espessura parcial: aplicação do curativo de colágeno associado ao filme de poliuretano / Clinical trial to treatment of partial-thickness skin graft donor site: application of collagen dressing associated to polyurethane film

Introdução: O tratamento local da área doadora de enxerto de pele é assunto controverso na literatura médica. Revendo esta problemática, procuramos analisar a capacidade do curativo em resolver a ferida e reduzir desconforto e dor dos pacientes. Método: Foram selecionados 34 pacientes que, de forma aleatória e randomizada, compuseram três grupos: grupo controle (GE-C), curativo de rayon embebido em soro fisiológico 0,9%; grupo estudo-A (GEA), curativo de colágeno bovino associado ao alginato de cálcio e coberto por filme de poliuretano transparente; grupo estudo-B (GE-B), somente filme de poliuretano transparente. Dois observadores independentes avaliaram os pacientes dos três grupos em relação ao desempenho de cada curativo: epitelização, formação de crosta, quantidade e características do exsudato e presença de complicações. A dor foi avaliada por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA), pelo inventário breve de dor (IBD) e índice de manejo da dor (IMD). Resultados: Ao compararmos o GEA em relação ao tempo de epitelização com os outros grupos encontramos, GE-A: 6,3 dias/GE-B: 8,2 dias com p < 0,02; GEA:6,3 dias/GE-C: 11,7 dias com p < 0,01. Em 90% dos pacientes do GEA, registramos dor leve (EVA), 85% do GEA referiu dor não localizada na área doadora de enxerto (IBD) e o IMD ficou entre o intervalo [-3;+1]. Conclusão: Os autores sugerem que a utilização do curativo de colágeno associado ao alginato de cálcio em áreas doadoras de enxerto poderá reduzir o tempo para total epitelização e queixas álgicas e promover maior conforto ao paciente.

Background: Local treatment of the donor site skin graft is controversial in medical literature. Reviewing that issue, we have analyzed the capacity of the dressing random and randomly in solving the wound and reduce both discomfort and pain of patients. Methods: We have random selected 34 patients and randomly divided into three groups: control group (GEC), rayon dressing soaked in saline 0.9% - study group A (GE-A), bovine collagen dressing associated with the alginate calcium and covered with transparent polyurethane film - study group B (GE-B), only transparent polyurethane film. Two independent observers assayed the patients in the three groups regarding the performance of each dressing epithelialization, scabbing, quantity and characteristics of the exudate and the presence of complications. Pain was quantified by: visual analog scale (VAS), the brief pain inventory (IBD) and index of pain management (IMD). Results: Comparing the GEA with respect to time of epithelialization with other groups found, GE-A: 6.3 days / GE-B: 8.2 days p <0.02; GE-A: 6.3 days / GE-C: 11.7 days with p <0.01. In 90% of patients in the GEA recorded mild pain (VAS), 85% of the GEA did not mention pain localized in the donor graft (IBD) and the IMD was between the interval [-3; +1]. Conclusion: The authors suggest that the use of the dressing of collagen associated with calcium alginate in areas of donor grafts may reduce the time for complete epithelization and pain complaints and promote greater patient comfort.

Clinical and urodynamic evaluation in women with stress urinary incontinence treated by periurethral collagen injection

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success of treatment with periurethral collagen injections in patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with bladder neck hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty women suffering from (SUI) were selected and divided into GI (consisting of 13 women with SUI and bladder neck hypermobility) and GII (consisting of 27 women with SUI and intrinsic sphincter deficiency). Periurethral collagen was injected followed by a subjective evaluation (the need for urinary protectors) and an objective evaluation through urodynamic study before and after the treatment RESULTS: It was noticed that after 9 months there was a decrease in the need of urinary protectors in the two groups. It was observed through the urodynamic study that either cure or improvement was achieved in 46 percent in GI and 40.7 percent in GII. There was a significant increase in the leak pressure in GII. Moreover, there was a decrease in the volume of urine leak in the two groups, being the results in GII statistically significant CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the periurethral collagen injection is useful for the treatment of the SUI. The results in hypermobility are similar to those in intrinsic sphincter deficiency. In fact, it is a very simple out patient's procedure, with little side effects.

Assessment of bovine biomaterials containing bone morphogenetic proteins bound to absorbable hydroxyapatite in rabbit segmental bone defects

PURPOSE: To evaluate the osteo-regenerative capacity of two proprietary bone grafting materials, using a segmental defect model in both radial diaphyses of rabbits. METHODS: The right defect was filled with pooled bone morphogenetic proteins (pBMPs) bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered hydroxyapatite (HA) mixed with inorganic and demineralized bone matrix and bone-derived collagen, derived from bovine bone (Group A). The left defect was filled with bovine demineralized bone matrix and pBMPs bound to absorbable ultrathin powdered HA (Group B). In both groups, an absorbable membrane of demineralized bovine cortical was used to retain the biomaterials in the bone defects, and to guide the tissue regeneration. The rabbits were euthanized 30, 90 and 150 days after surgery. Radiographic, tomographic and histologic evaluations were carried out on all specimens. RESULTS: At 30 days, the demineralized cortical bone cover was totally resorbed in both groups. HA was totally resorbed from Group A defects, whereas HA persisted in Group B defects. A prominent foreign body reaction was evident with both products, more pronounced in sections from Group B. At 90 days, the defects in Group B exhibited more new bone than Group A. However, at 150 days after surgery, neither treatment had stimulated complete repair of the defect. CONCLUSION: The partial bone healing of the segmental defect occurred with low or none performance of the biomaterials tested.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade osteo-regenerativa de dois biomateriais utilizando um modelo de defeito segmentar efetuado nas diáfises do rádio de coelhos. MÉTODOS: O defeito direito foi preenchido com pool de proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas (pBMPs) e hidroxiapatita em pó ultrafina absorvível (HA) combinada com matriz óssea inorgânica desmineralizada e colágeno, derivados do osso bovino (Grupo A). O defeito esquerdo foi preenchido com matriz óssea desmineralizada bovina com pBMPs e hidroxiapatita em pó ultrafina absorvível (Grupo B). Em ambos os defeitos utilizou-se membrana reabsorvível de cortical bovina desmineralizada para reter os biomateriais no defeito ósseo e guiar a regeneração tecidual. Os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 30, 90 e 150 dias após a cirurgia. Foram efetuados exames radiográficos, tomográficos e histológicos em todos os espécimes. RESULTADOS: Aos 30 dias de pós-cirúrgico, o osso cortical desmineralizado foi totalmente reabsorvido em ambos os grupos. A HA tinha reabsorvido nos defeitos do Grupo A, mas persistiu nos do Grupo B. Uma reação de corpo estranho foi evidente com ambos os produtos, porém mais pronunciada no Grupo B. Aos 90 dias os defeitos do grupo B tinham mais formação óssea que os do Grupo A. Entretanto, aos 150 dias após a cirurgia, nenhum tratamento havia promovido o completo reparo do defeito. CONCLUSÃO: Os biomateriais testados contribuíram pouco ou quase nada para a reconstituição do defeito segmentar.

Determinaçäo de padröes de crescimento de células em cultura / Growth patterns for cells in culture

Os padröes de crescimento de linhagens estáveis de células normais e cancerosas, cultivadas em monocamada e em géis de colágeno, foram caracterizados utilizando-se a distribuiçäo de tamanhos de agregados celulares. Células HN-5 (cancerosas) apresentam, tanto em monocamada quanto em gel, distribuições regidas por leis de potência durante todo o tempo que permaneceram em cultura, enquanto que nas células MDCK (normais) e HEp-2 (cancerosas) observa-se uma transiçäo de um comportamento exponencial para um regido por uma distribuiçäo em leis de potência. Estes resultados sugerem que as transições nos regimes de crescimento de MDCK e HEp-2 podem estar associadas a alterações no controle da replicaçäo ou nos padröes de expressäo de moléculas de adesividade celular de junções célula-célula ou célula-matriz extracelular, relacionadas com sinalizaçäo intracelular. Estas transições säo irreversíveis e parecem corresponder a uma resposta adaptativa das células às restrições ao crescimento impostas por uma elevada densidade populacional ou por uma longa permanência em cultura